Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the frontal sinus in forensic investigation / Análisis de tomografías computarizadas de haz cónico del seno frontal en la investigación forense

The frontal sinuses can provide significant evidence for forensic identification. The peculiarity of the frontal sinus contours allows a precise and meticulous analysis, reducing the risk of errors on the part of the forensic experts. To describe the use of cone-beam computed tomography as an alternative to obtaining images of the frontal sinuses. In addition, it is proposed the adoption of some anatomic references to do the axial slicing, which should have its plan being tangent to the upper limit of the orbital cavities, as well as the sagittal slicing, which should be done under the midline, so that all sinus boundaries would be observed while error margin in obtaining comparative images would be reduced. The comparison of frontal sinus images by cone-beam computed tomography can be used as an additional method in the identification process, providing the expert with a greater reliability.

Los senos frontales pueden proporcionar evidencia significativa para la identificación forense. La peculiaridad de los contornos del seno frontal permite un análisis preciso y meticuloso, lo que reduce el riesgo de errores por parte de los expertos forenses. Describir la utilización de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico como una alternativa para obtener imágenes de los senos frontales. Además, se propone la adopción de algunas referencias anatómicas para el corte axial, que deberían tener su plano tangente al límite superior de las cavidades orbitales, así como para el corte sagital, que debería ser realizado bajo la línea mediana. Así, los contornos de los senos serían bien observados y el margen de error en la obtención de imágenes comparativas se reduciría. La comparación de imágenes del seno frontal por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico es un método adicional en el proceso de identificación, ofreciendo al profesional una mayor fiabilidad.

Evaluation of the reliability of measurements in cephalograms generated from cone beam computed tomography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to compare angular and linear measurements generated in digital cephalometric radiographs and cephalograms synthesized from three-dimensional images. METHODS: Twenty-six individuals (12 men and 14 women) with mean age of 26.3 years were selected. Digital cephalometric radiographs and CBCTs were taken on the same day. The images were imported and analyzed on Dolphin Imaging V.10.5 software, which synthesized cephalograms in perspective projection and magnification of 9.7%. A single observer marked the points and repeated the procedure with an interval of time of ten days to evaluate intraexaminer error. In the statistical analysis paired Student's t test was used to establish the correlation between the measurements. RESULTS: The angular measurements GoGn.SN and IMPA, which involved the Gonial point (Go) and the linear measurements that involved the lips presented significant difference (p < 0.05). The other measurements presented good correlation. CONCLUSIONS: The measurements in the synthesized cephalograms proved to be reliable.

Evaluation of the reliability of measurements in cephalograms generated from cone beam computed tomography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to compare angular and linear measurements generated in digital cephalometric radiographs and cephalograms synthesized from three-dimensional images. METHODS: Twenty-six individuals (12 men and 14 women) with mean age of 26.3 years were selected. Digital cephalometric radiographs and CBCTs were taken on the same day. The images were imported and analyzed on Dolphin Imaging V.10.5 software, which synthesized cephalograms in perspective projection and magnification of 9.7%. A single observer marked the points and repeated the procedure with an interval of time of ten days to evaluate intraexaminer error. In the statistical analysis paired Student's t test was used to establish the correlation between the measurements. RESULTS: The angular measurements GoGn.SN and IMPA, which involved the Gonial point (Go) and the linear measurements that involved the lips presented significant difference (p < 0.05). The other measurements presented good correlation. CONCLUSION: The measurements in the synthesized cephalograms proved to be reliable.

OBJETIVO: comparar medidas angulares e lineares geradas em radiografias cefalométricas digitais e cefalogramas sintetizados a partir de imagens tridimensionais. MÉTODOS: selecionou-se 26 indivíduos (12 do sexo masculino e 14 do feminino), com média de idade de 26,3 anos, que realizaram no mesmo dia as radiografias cefalométricas digitais e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. As imagens foram importadas e analisadas no software Dolphin Imaging V.10.5, que sintetizou cefalogramas com projeção perspectiva e magnificação de 9,7%. As marcações dos pontos foram realizadas por um único observador e repetidas com um intervalo de tempo de 10 dias para avaliação do erro intraexaminador. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado para estabelecer a correlação entre as medidas. RESULTADOS: as medidas angulares GoGn.SN e IMPA, que envolviam o ponto Gônio (Go), e as medidas lineares que envolviam os lábios, apresentaram diferença significativa (p < 0,05). As outras medidas apresentaram boa correlação. CONCLUSÃO: as medições nos cefalogramas sintetizados mostraram-se confiáveis.

Aspectos legais dos arquivos digitais: já podemos utilizar documentos digitais amparados juridicamente? / Legal aspects of the digital files: can we already use digital documents done aid juridically?

Em 24 de agosto de 2001 foi decretada a Medida Provisória 2200-2que instituiu a Infra-Estrutura de Chaves Públicas no Brasil (ICP-Brasil). A partir desta data, os arquivos digitais assinados com certificados emitidos no padrão ICP-Brasil têm garantia de autoria e integridade, adquirindo desta forma, validade jurídica. Prontuários, exames complementares e toda a história clínica de nossos pacientes já podem ser obtidos e armazenados de forma digital, totalmente amparados por lei. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo infromar e esclarecer sobre o uso, validade jurídica e as formas de assinatura de documentos digitais; bem como exemplificar as inúmeras vantagens em que os sistemas de informação e os profissionais da área de saúde podem ter acesso optando por manter seus documentos e registros em eio digital